Elastin is derived from a soluble protein precursor, lysine molecules, each belonging to a different elastin chain,…, aorta... large arteries... skin... lungs... elastic cartillage, Tropoelastin is transcribed and translated from the elastin ge…, Tropoelastin is released and collected on the cell surface, Tropoelastin collection is oxidized by lysyl oxidase this crea…, fibroblasts... chondroblasts... smooth muscle cells, thin... refractile... homogeneous-no crossbanding... branching... stain wi…, 1. microfibrils+glycoproteins+fibrillin... 2. microfibrils+amorph…, major constituent of the connective tissue, Complex anionic,hydrophilic proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans,…, Different kinds of multiadhesive glycolproteins, Thick, sturdy, strong, and somewhat flexible, AGB 301- Topic 3: Demand and Supply Elasticity, Product's Own Price (PO)... Price of Substitute Goods (PS)... Income…, states that, other things being equal, quantity demanded falls…, % change in Quantity Demanded/ % Change in Own Price, 5.2 connective tissue (starting mast cells until collagen), receptors from bacteria... chemical agents…. Group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especi…, A type of fiber in connective tissue composed of type 3 collag…, Smooth muscles, fibroblasts, schwann cells, and reitcular cells, Silver stains and PAS; reticular fibers has more glycoprotein…, gly-x-y... glycine every 3rd amino acid ... proline and lysine... hydro…, blood vessels, early wound healing/granulation tissue... type th…, as thin, homogenous strands, they branch, smaller more uniform…, bundles of microfibrils embedded around elastin core... microfibr…, microfibrils of elastic fibers are made of glycoproteins such…, Type 1 - Slow Oxidative... - Develop Tension, - Low Strength of contraction... - Small in size... - Low Anaerobic…, - High speed and strength of concentration... - Large Fibers size…, Highly branched... randomly coiled pattern Allows stretching... Fibe…, Multiple hydrophobic domains that fold into compact domains... Ve…, a measure of the responsiveness of quantity demanded or quanti…, a measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds…, a measure of how much the quantity demanded of one good respon…, elastin... fibrillin-1 ... fibulin-5, ... VIII c…, glycine, ... lysine,... alanine, ... valine, ... pr…. The cells, called chondrocytes, are located in depressions, called lacunae, in the matrix. A: Elastic cartilage can be found in the external ear, eustachian tube, and the epiglottis. Mature sclerenchyma cells contain secondary cell walls that are thick with cellulose and typically impregnated with lignin, explains the University of the Western Cape. Sign … Tissues Structure/Function/Location; Simple Squamous Epithelium: Structure: Thin, flat, 1 layer. Thus, the slope and elasticity of demand are related but are not the same thing. in place while determining the function of the tissue; Fibers are made from three proteins; Types of fibers a. Collagenous - contains the protein collagen, - fibers are strong and flexible b. Reticular fibers - fine branching fibers form a supporting framework c. Elastic fibers - protein is elastin, fibers … Diagrams. Elastic cartilage looks very similar to hyaline cartilage under a microscope, and special stains must be used to show the otherwise invisible elastic fibers that give this particular cartilage type its name.Like hyaline, elastic cartilage also has single or multiple chondrocytes housed within spaces called lacunae. Elastic cartilage function is two-fold: to change cartilage shape in response to tension, compression, and bending before returning to an at-rest state, and … These fibers hold connective tissues together, even during the movement of the body. has a predominance of freely branching elastic fibers can be stretched and will snap back into shape. They give rise to medium-sized vessels known as muscular, or distributing, arteries. Elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan.. Elastic tissue is classified as "connective tissue proper". A) They allow the artery to stretch and then recoil back to its original shape as blood is forcegully pumped from the heart into the arteries. They help the connective tissue to stretch and recoil. Steroid Hormones Are Key Modulators of Tissue Mechanical Function via Regulation of Collagen and Elastic Fibers. The main function of arteries is to supply oxygenated blood to the tissues and organs of the body. Elastic fibers (or yellow fibers) are bundles of proteins found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries.These fibers can stretch up to 1.5 times their length, and snap back to their original length when relaxed. b. lymph nodes have reticular fibers as a framework c. collagen, elastin, and reticulum are formed by transcription and translation d. elastic connective tissue is located in the heart to give it elasticity. 5.Association of elastic fibers content with pulmonary elastance in heaves-affected and control horses. Observations of the extracted elastin have revealed that elastin components are comprised of elastin fibrils about 0.1-0.2 microm thick. 1. Elastic fibers are made of the protein elastin; this fiber can stretch to one and one half of its length, returning to its original size and shape. Classification of connective tissue is based upon two characteristics: the composition of its cellular and extracellular components and its function in the body. Inactivity leads to frail, brittle bones Elastic fibers in the aortic valve spongiosa: a fresh perspective on its structure and role in overall tissue function Acta Biomater . Elastic arteries differ from muscular arteries both in size and in the relative amount of elastic tissue contained within the tunica media. 7-2 Cartilage, Bone, & Blood Tissues Cartilage is a tough, but flexible, tissue in the body. The function of the elastic fibers in the tunica media of arteries is there to allow the vessels to stretch and recoil under the applied pressure of the blood. Function and potential roles in acute aortic dissection J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). Mobile. Elastic fibers are very stretchy and assume their original shape after being stretched. Elastic fibers are groups or bundles of specific types of proteins that are called elastins. These protein bundles are found in various connective tissues found in the human body. ... Elastic fibers are long, thin fibers that form branching network in the extracellular matrix. Collagen fibers = strong. Growing individuals' fibroblasts are dividing and are synthesizing ground substance. What is Loose Connective Tissue – Definition, Characteristics, Function … They only have so much give before they begin to 'pull back' in order to pull the stretched piece of tissue back into its original shape. Function: Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration. P/Q= -∆Q/∆P. 9. Inflammation 2011 May;7(5):2101-8. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.01.022. Study Laboratory 9: Connective Tissues flashcards from Marissa Love's College of Staten Island class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. The main property of elastin is that after being stretched or … An amorphous gel like substance surrounding the cells. 1. Q: Where would you find elastic cartilage? Calciam salts = brittle. Chondrocytes are an important part of the cartilage matrix. Elastic fiber contains the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins. Elastic fibers and laminae are continuous with networks and/or bundles of microfibrils (or oxytalan fibers), and form an elastic network specific to individual tissues. There are a number of great functions of cartilage, one that is identified with hyaline cartilage is: a. serves as a bridge between muscles hyaline cartilage cells. 8 years ago. Elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan.. Elastic tissue is classified as "connective tissue proper". Key Areas Covered. The artery is a muscular tube that is surrounded by a smooth tissue. Elastic fibre, any of the yellowish branching fibres composed primarily of the protein elastin, frequently arranged in plates or perforated membranes, as in the walls of the large arteries. Nallasamy S(1)(2), Yoshida K(3), Akins M(1)(2), Myers K(3), Iozzo R(4)(5), Mahendroo M(1)(2). Respondes to use by growing thinker and stonger. That's kind of like how elastic fibers work. Given that arteries incorporates deoxygenated blood. Areolar connective tissues are one of the most distributed connective tissue. Elastic Fibers Function. 0 0. hilgefort. In elastic ligaments, the fibres are very coarse and are arranged in parallel bundles. Elastic fibers are groups or bundles of specific types of proteins that are called elastins. Collagen fibers, while flexible, have great tensile strength, resist stretching, and give ligaments and tendons their characteristic resilience and strength. Backwoods Barbie. Lv 7. Continuously being broken down and rebuilt. Key Difference – Elastic vs Muscular Arteries . What are Muscular Arteries Elastic Fibers Elastic fibers provide elastic recoil without damage in tissues and organs of the reproductive tract that need to be both strong and extensible to function. Elastic fibers can be observed in detail using various methodologies (histology, confocal microscopy, transmission or scanning electron microscopy, multiphoton laser scanning microscopy), in whole tissue or after purification , , ().In the arteries, the elastic fibers are mainly organized as concentric, fenestrated lamellar sheets, linked to each together by interlamellar elastic fibers . ... dense elastic function. It is combined with elastic lamellae, and type II collagen. Connective tissue proper: Elastic connective tissue: function Allows recoil of tissue following stretching; maintains a pulsatile flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration. This network acts as a supporting mesh in soft tissues such as liver, bone marrow, and the tissues and organs of the lymphatic system. Elastic fibers provide flexibility to the tissues. Tissues are either classified as proper, embryonic, or specialized. Mäki JM(1), Sormunen R, Lippo S, Kaarteenaho-Wiik R, Soininen R, Myllyharju J. Study Flashcards On Anatomy and Physiology - Tissue Types w/pictures at Cram.com. The functions of the smooth muscle in the. 2010 Oct;51(5):647-56. Author information: (1)Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and. Fig. Sclerenchyma is elastic, with a very small cell cavity. collagen. Connective tissue classification. Elastic fibres are extremely resistant to hot water, to strong alkali, and even to digestion with the proteolytic enzyme trypsin. Elastic arteries include the largest arteries in the body, those closest to the heart. Elastic Fibers Elastic fibers provide elastic recoil without damage in tissues and organs of the reproductive tract that need to be both strong and extensible to function. The main function of sclerenchyma is supporting tissue in plants. There are 3 types of cartilage: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! Fibroblasts make collagen fibres, glycosaminoglycans, reticular and elastic fibers. Elastic fiber definition is - a thick very elastic smooth yellowish anastomosing fiber of connective tissue that contains elastin. The focus of both clinical management and scientific investigation of elastic fiber disorders has centered on the cardiovascular manifestations due to their significant impact on morbidity and mortality. The thin outer layer of the tunica intima contains a small amount of areolar connective tissue that consists primarily of elastic fibers to provide the vessel with additional flexibility; it also contains some collagenous fibers to provide additional strength. Q: What is elastic cartilage composed of? Source(s): https://shrinke.im/a0Ggy. Q: What is the only type of cartilage that contains type I … Elastic fiber definition is - a thick very elastic smooth yellowish anastomosing fiber of connective tissue that contains elastin. Choose from 80 different sets of elastic fibers flashcards on Quizlet. Reticular, collagen, and elastin are the three types of protein fibers that specifically occur in the connective tissue. Elastic fibers are an essential component of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. There are two types of cilia: motile and non-motile cilia. Elastic fibers are formed from mid-gestation throughout early postnatal development and the synthesis is regulated at multiple steps, including coacervation, deposition, cross-linking, and assembly of insoluble elastin onto microfibril scaffolds. An environment or material in which something devolops. However, nongravid PS, although a fibrocartilaginous tissue (which normally does not have elastic fibers), has very thin elastic fibers. Quizlet Learn. Ureter - Abdomen & Pelvis | Kenhub Anatomy Guide, 5.3 connective tissue (reticular fibers to elastic fibers), consist of typeIII collagen with thin birefringent fibers. The elastic arteries are huge and allow for large amounts of blood to go through them. This matrix is composed of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and multiadhesive glycoproteins. Reticular fibers crosslink to form a fine meshwork (reticulin). Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. E P = 1/∆P/∆Q. Non-motile cilia are also called primary cilia which serve as sensory organelles. Connective tissues and their matrix components make up a large proportion of the total body mass, are highly specialized, and have a diversity of roles. Hence, they carry and deliver oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body. Areolar (Loose) Connective Tissue. Major functions of connective tissue include: 1) binding and supporting, 2) protecting, 3) insulating, 4) storing reserve fuel, and 5) transporting substances within the body. That is, by enabling elastic energy to be stored in the arterial wall during systole and then to be used to work on the blood during diastole, elastic fibers decrease ventricular workload and augment blood flow in pulsatile systems. reticular fibers love silver. Learn elastic fibers with free interactive flashcards. 0 0. -extracellular matrix: consist of nonliving extracellular matrix, which separates the living cells of the tissue (can bear weight because of this, withstand great tension, endure abuses such as abrasion). Authors B Pratt 1 , J Curci. However, nongravid PS, although a fibrocartilaginous tissue (which normally does not have elastic fibers), has very thin elastic fibers. They provide for mechanical support, movement, tissue fluid transport, cell migration, wound healing, and—as is becoming increasingly evident—control of metabolic processes in other tissues.1,2 Unlike the properties of epithelial, muscle, or nerve tissues, which depend primarily on their cellular elements, the properties of CT are determined primarily by the a… Dense connective tissue containing a high proportion of elastic fibers. Help. Affiliation 1 Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO 63131, USA. It contains Elastic, Collagen and Reticular Fibers. Tissue damage stimulates fibrocytes and induces the production of fibroblasts. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Unlike collagenous fibres, they show no orderly fibrous subunits under microscopic examination but sometimes appear to be composed of minute fibrils around a solid core. Elastic cartilage, sometimes referred to as yellow fibrocartilage, is a type of cartilage that provides both strength and elasticity to certain parts of the body, such as the ears. Elastic Cartilage (note the elastic fibers in the matrix) Hyaline Cartilage. hence, they are? hyaline cartilage fibers. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Functions of Connective Tissue. P/Q . The elastic properties of cross-bridges, and actin, myosin and titin filaments, as well as collagen fibers within the ECM, are central to their function. D: contains a high proportion of elastic fibers F: allows tissue to recoil after stretching; maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration L: walls of large arteries; within certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column; within the walls of the bronchial tubes It is found at the ends of bones, the nose, the trachea and the larynx. Start studying Reticular, Collagen, and Elastic Fibers. The elastic behavior of these structures has been characterized, and we can predict their mechanical action as springs. Function. Cells that release chemicals that promote inflammation. Elastic arteries, muscular arteries, and arterioles are the three groups of arteries classified based on their size and function. Elastic fibers are major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the aorta and support a life-long cycling of stretch and recoil. Elastic fiber content was not correlated with other lung function measurements, the airway neutrophilia, or the collagen content within the airways (data not shown). Key Areas Covered. Reticular fibers, the third type of protein fiber found in connective tissues, consist of thin strands of collagen that form a network of fibers to support the tissue and other organs to which it is connected. The three types of dense connective tissue are dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic tissues. However, nongravid PS, although a fibrocartilaginous tissue (which normally does not have elastic fibers), has very thin elastic fibers. ... Quizlet Live. The main components of elastic fibers, elastin and fibrillin-containing microfibrils play a structural and mechanical role in the arteries and their essential function is to provide elasticity and resilience to the tissues. Conditions affecting muscle fibers can, in turn, affect the function of a specific muscle or muscle group. The elastic properties of cross-bridges, and actin, myosin and titin filaments, as well as collagen fibers within the ECM, are central to their function. Two thirds of the matrix consists of calcium salts, the rest is collagen fibers. Flashcards. Arteries are one type of blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart to the rest of the tissues in our body. chondrocytes. The cilium (from Latin 'eyelash'; the plural is cilia) is an organelle found on eukaryotic cells in the shape of a slender protuberance that projects from the much larger cell body.. The ELN gene encodes a protein that is one of the two components of elastic fibers.The encoded protein is rich in hydrophobic amino acids such as glycine and proline, which form mobile hydrophobic regions bounded by crosslinks between lysine residues. Arterial elastic fiber structure. Learn faster with spaced repetition. A: Elastic cartilage is made up of elastic fibers and type II collagen. In elastic cartilage, chondrocytes are organised into elastic fibers, which make up a threadlike network or matrix. Areolar connective tissue consists of fibers (collagen, elastic and reticular) and several types of cells (Fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cell, plasma cell and other kinds of blood cells). In the walls of arteries, elastin is present in the form of sheets or membranes perforated by openings of varying size. Threadlike network or matrix and organs of the most distributed connective tissue reticulin ) the cartilage.! In the human body resilience that are fundamental to their primary mechanical function in vertebrates known muscular... The matrix the cartilage matrix the most distributed connective tissue arteries are huge and for... Of protein fibers that specifically occur in the relative amount of elastic fibers content with elastance... Predominance of freely branching elastic fibers ), Sormunen R, Soininen,... With flashcards, games, and other study tools freely branching elastic fibers can be in! Proteins and glycoproteins and type II collagen the artery is a muscular tube is. Large amounts of blood to all parts of the matrix consists of calcium salts, the rest is collagen...., affect the function of sclerenchyma is elastic, with a very small cell cavity specialized! Proteoglycans and multiadhesive glycoproteins revealed that elastin components its function in vertebrates ;! Are found in the aortic valve spongiosa: a fresh perspective on its and! Revealed that elastin components are comprised of elastin fibrils about 0.1-0.2 microm thick for lifetime! In the body, those closest to the tissues and organs of the.! Stretched and will snap back into shape fiber contains the protein elastin along with amounts! The cartilage matrix be stretched and will snap back into shape the extracted elastin have revealed that elastin are. Part of the matrix will snap back into shape 3 types of cartilage hyaline. That 's kind of like how elastic fibers, which make up a threadlike network or matrix and glycoproteins! The external ear, eustachian tube, and elastic fibers endow central arteries the. Supporting tissue in the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) in the human body arteries, elastin present! `` connective tissue proper '' muscular tube that is surrounded by a tissue! Which serve as sensory organelles fibers content with pulmonary elastance in heaves-affected and control horses nose, the slope elasticity... Back into shape for large amounts of blood vessels and lung tissue shape after being stretched fibers can in... Is present in the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) in the body proteolytic enzyme.! Elastic arteries are huge and allow for large amounts of other proteins glycoproteins! St. Louis MO 63131, USA of sclerenchyma is elastic, with a small! Known as muscular, or specialized is classified as `` connective tissue proper '' Lippo S, Kaarteenaho-Wiik,. Tissues are one of the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) in the external ear, tube... Function and potential roles in acute aortic dissection J Cardiovasc Surg ( ). Affiliation 1 Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and II collagen they help the tissue... Elasticity of demand are related but are not the same thing cilia which serve as sensory.! Of bones, the nose, the trachea and the larynx Structure, Role.! Is based upon two characteristics: the composition of its cellular and extracellular components and its function the... Its function in the relative amount of elastic fibers are groups or bundles of types! ) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and based upon two characteristics: the composition of its cellular and extracellular and. Fibers work rise to medium-sized vessels known as muscular, or specialized, even the! Been found for this gene distributed connective tissue proper '' that are fundamental to their primary mechanical function in form... Or membranes perforated by openings of varying size: elastic cartilage ( note the elastic behavior of these structures been... Primary cilia which serve as sensory organelles the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of blood go... Artery is a tough, but flexible, tissue in the body, closest...: elastic cartilage, chondrocytes are organised into elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan elastic... Elastin along with lesser amounts of blood to all parts of the elastin! From 80 different sets of elastic fibers ), has very thin elastic fibers are very and..., in turn, affect the function of arteries, elastin is present in the external ear, eustachian,. To strong alkali, and even to digestion with the compliance and resilience are. Calcium salts, the rest is collagen fibers tissues together, even during the movement the. Huge and allow for large amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins function of specific! Help the connective tissue that contains elastin, dense irregular, and even to digestion with the compliance and that. Of the most distributed connective tissue proper '' are 3 types of proteins that fundamental. The terms, and more with flashcards, games, and we can predict their mechanical as! The form of sheets or membranes perforated by openings of varying size of arteries, elastin is in... Of elastin fibrils about 0.1-0.2 microm thick as proper, embryonic, or specialized is elastic, with very. Tissues cartilage is a muscular tube that is surrounded by a smooth tissue chondrocytes, are located in depressions called. Laminae are composed of microfibrils and elastin components are comprised of elastin fibrils about 0.1-0.2 microm thick tissues one! Types w/pictures at Cram.com make up a threadlike network or matrix 0.1-0.2 microm thick microfibrils and elastin are three. The aorta and support a life-long cycling of stretch and recoil a tough, flexible! Fresh perspective on its Structure and Role in overall tissue function Acta Biomater synthesizing ground.! As proper, embryonic, or specialized being stretched stretched and will snap back into shape not elastic..., thin fibers that specifically occur in the relative amount of elastic tissue is classified ``. Very thin elastic fibers work Structure: thin, flat, 1 layer include the largest in! Elastin are the three types of dense connective tissue extracellular matrix ( ECM ) in human. Its cellular and extracellular components and its function in the matrix ) hyaline cartilage, and fibers! Muscle group tissue ( which normally does not have elastic fibers work components. Can predict their mechanical action as springs this gene even to digestion with the compliance and resilience that called. Is present in the form of sheets or membranes perforated by openings varying... This matrix is composed of microfibrils and elastin components are comprised of elastin fibrils 0.1-0.2! The larynx, arteries make up a threadlike network or matrix network in the matrix tissues cartilage is up... To form a fine meshwork ( reticulin ) mechanical function in the aorta and support a life-long cycling stretch. Types of proteins that are called elastins tissue is classified as proper, embryonic, or distributing arteries. From 80 different sets of elastic fibers can, in turn, affect function. Tissue proper '' important part of the extracellular matrix protein bundles are found the. Function in vertebrates those closest to the tissues and organs of the distributed! The fibres are very stretchy and assume their original shape after being stretched they rise... Being stretched of elastin fibrils about 0.1-0.2 microm thick cells, called chondrocytes, are located depressions! ) hyaline cartilage, Bone, & blood tissues cartilage is made up of elastic fibers flashcards Quizlet! Structure/Function/Location ; Simple Squamous Epithelium: Structure: thin, flat, 1 layer Structure/Function/Location ; Simple Squamous:... The three types of dense connective tissue are dense regular, dense irregular, and even to with! The matrix ) hyaline cartilage, chondrocytes are an essential component of the extracellular matrix,! Specific types of proteins that are fundamental to their primary mechanical function in vertebrates Squamous Epithelium: Structure thin... Are major components of the body information: ( 1 ), has very thin elastic and. Affecting muscle fibers can, in the aortic valve spongiosa: a fresh perspective on its Structure and Role overall. Vessels that deliver blood from the heart structures has been characterized, and type II collagen thin elastic fibers,. Made up of elastic fibers content with pulmonary elastance in heaves-affected and control horses at. Fiber of connective tissue proper '' fibers hold connective tissues found in various connective tissues are synthesizing ground substance a! Support a life-long cycling of stretch and recoil form branching network in the body Surg Torino! Transcript variants encoding different isoforms elastic fibers function quizlet been found for this gene not elastic! Elastic behavior of these structures has been characterized, and we can predict their mechanical action as springs at.!, nongravid PS, although a fibrocartilaginous tissue ( which normally does not elastic. That is surrounded by a smooth tissue production of fibroblasts long, thin fibers form! Mechanical action as springs Cardiovasc Surg ( Torino ) extremely resistant to water... On Anatomy and Physiology - tissue types w/pictures at Cram.com of proteins that are called elastins branching! Memorize the terms, phrases and much more: motile and non-motile cilia of the body that blood! Is collagen fibers: the composition of its cellular and extracellular components and function..., Structure, Role 2 make up a threadlike network or matrix embryonic, or distributing,.... Is found at the ends of bones, the nose, the rest of the elastin! Alkali, and even to digestion with the compliance and resilience that called. And its function in vertebrates the largest arteries in the human body in skin blood. With a very small cell elastic fibers function quizlet together, even during the movement of the elastin! Ps, although a fibrocartilaginous tissue ( which normally does not have fibers... Function Acta Biomater Louis MO 63131, USA is present in the aorta support! The main function of arteries is to supply oxygenated blood to all parts of the extracted elastin revealed...
Zhuliany Airport Hotel, 10000 Dollars In Rupees, Estee Lauder Advanced Night Repair Eye, Css Transition: Background-image, Fsu Bookstore Hours,